VSD- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
An VSD- Ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart defect with a hole in the heart between the LOWER chambers(ventricles) of the heart. A VSD changes how blood flows through the heart and lungs.
A small VSD may cause no problem sand close on their own with time but babies with medium or larger VSDs may need surgery early in life to prevent the future complications.
COMPLICATIONS WITH VSD
- Heart failure- the heart has to work harder and the lungs have too much blood pumped to them which without treatment, leads to failure of the heart.
- Eisenmenger syndrome- The irregular blood flow causes the blood vessels of the lungs stiff and narrow. The syndrome permanently damages the blood vessels in the lungs.
- Endocarditis. This is a rare complication of VSD where an infection causes life-threatening inflammation of the inner lining of the heart's chambers and valves.
- Other heart problems. other heart valve disease and irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) etc.
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a major morbidity in preterm neonates, especially in babies < 28 weeks gestation or 1000 grams in birth weight. Natural ductal closure is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight. The incidence of PDA is ranges from 15%- 37% in newborn babies<1750 grams of birth weight.
PDA is a persistent opening between the two major blood vessels leading from the heart. The ductus arteriosus (an opening) is a normal part of a baby's circulatory system in the womb that usually closes shortly after birth of the baby. If it remains open, the condition can cause serious problems and is called a patent ductus arteriosus.
COMPLICATIONS WITH PDA
- Pulmonary hypertension: PDA can lead to pulmonary hypertension, which can cause permanent lung damage, Eisenmenger syndrome.
- Heart failure. It eventually cause condition in which the heart can't pump effectively, heart enlargement, heart failure etc.
- Heart infection (endocarditis). People who have structural heart problems, such as a PDA, are at a higher risk of an inflammation of the heart's inner lining.
TREATMENTS FOR PDA
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- MEDICATIONS are used in some cases as primary or basic treatment that might for short time relief, in some cases only medications may also treat the condition.
- SURGICAL CLOSURE may recommended if medications aren't effective and leads to a severe condition and complications. With a small cut between ribs to reach to the heart to repair the open duct using stitches or clips.
- CATHETER PROCEEDURES be used to treat full-term babies, children and adults. The premature babies are too small for catheter procedures, for them the doctor might recommend waiting until the baby is older to do a catheter procedure to correct the PDA. Here, catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the groin and threaded up to the heart. and a plug or coil is inserted through the catheter to close the ductus arteriosus.
Neuro Intervention
BRAIN ANEURYSM
Reports says: "Roughly around 76k-204k new cases of a cerebral aneurysm, also known as a brain aneurysm are reported every year in India".
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A brain aneurysm is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain. It looks like a berry hanging on a stem, can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (known as a hemorrhagic stroke). This ruptured aneurysm quickly becomes life-threatening and requires an immediate medical assistance and treatment.Such aneurysms are often detected during tests for other conditions. Normally, most of brain aneurysms doesn't rupture, but can create health problems or cause symptoms. When a brain aneurysm ruptures, the bleeding usually lasts only a few seconds. However, the blood can cause direct damage to surrounding cells.
SACCULAR ANEURYSM are the most common type of brain aneurysm. They looks like a bulge in a dome shape connected to the artery by a narrow “neck.”
FUSIFORM ANEURYSM aren’t very common like saccular aneurysms. They looks like a widened spot in the blood vessel.
Most Brain aneurysms don’t cause symptoms or health problems and gets detected little late. People living a normal life even knowing that they have brain aneurysm as such.
COMPLICATIONS
- RE-BLEEDING can happen if an aneurysm ruptured and can cause further damage to brain cells.
- ISCHEMIC STROKE causing additional cell damage and loss.
- A FLUID ACCUMULATION AT THE HYDRACEPHALUS.
- CHANGE IN SODIUM LEVELS: Bleeding in the brain can disrupt the balance of sodium in the blood and can lead to swelling of brain cells and permanent damage.
Treatments
Rupture brain aneurysm treatment:
A ruptured brain aneurysm needs and immediate treatment, because it’s likely that it will bleed again. So, the its treatment involves stopping the blood flow into the aneurysm. This procedure carries some risks as well which needs to be taken care with prior discussion with the doctor.
SURGICAL CLIPPING:
Here, a small section of the skull is removed to locate the aneurysm with the help of a metal clip which is placed on the opening of the aneurysm to cut off the blood flow to that part.
ENDOVASCULAR COILING:
This is a non-surgical proceedure where a
will insert a catheter into your groin to reach the affected blood vessel where the tiny platinum coils reaches inside the aneurysm through the tube Then this coil conform to the shape of the aneurysm and stopps the blood flow there.
Cardiovascular Intervention
Coronary artery disease. Valvular heart disease.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE / CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
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CAD (CHD)- Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition. The coronary arteries (major blood vessels that supply the heart) struggle to send enough blood, oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle due to cholesterol deposits in the heart arteries. When the heart doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood and the reduced blood flow to the heart can cause chest pain (angina) and shortness of breath. A complete blockage in the vessels can cause a heart attack.
Usually CAD develops over decades with symptoms being unnoticed until a complete blockage occurs.
COMPLICATIONS
- ANGINA -A Chest pain or shortness of breath
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
The most common interventional cardiology procedure (catheterization) involves the insertion of a sheath into the groin or wrist artery and passing a catheter to the heart to open a blocked artery with balloon (angioplasty) or a stent (metal sleeve that is inserted to prop open the artery from within).
Treatments
CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY, ANGIOGRAPHY
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The PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) is done to open clogged heart arteries where a cardiologist guides a catheter to the narrowed part of the heart artery, a tiny balloon or a stent is used to help widen the blocked artery and improve blood flow during angioplasty. The stent helps keep the artery open and lowers the risk of the artery narrowing again.
CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING SURGERY-CABG
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It's an open heart surgery of taking a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to create a new path for blood in the heart to compensate the blood flow from the blocked artery.
ELCETROPHYSIOLOGY CASE SUPPORT
EP cases support with EP equipment rentals
WHAT IS AN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY ?
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An electrophysiology (EP) study is a test performed to assess the heart's electrical system and used to diagnose abnormal heartbeats or arrhythmia. This test is performed by inserting catheters and then wire electrodes, which measure electrical activity, through blood vessels that enter the heart to study the cause of irregular heart rhythms which can usually be skipped to catch through and ECG or holter monitoring. It basically is an advanced stage of testing to predict higher and more serious problems.
EQUIPMENTS: 3D mapping system, cardiac stimulator, RF generator, and combo lab
EP study involves the placement of multipolar electrode catheters in the heart, typically in the right side, which generates intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) followed by programmed electrical stimulation (PES) to trigger a focus arrhythmia.
Consumables selling
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-DIAGNOSTIC EP CATHETERS
- Quadripolar Catheters
- Hexpolar Catheters
- HIS Cathteers
-RADIO-FREQUENCY ABLATION CATHETERS
-THEREMOCOOL ABLATION CATHETERS
-SPECIALITY DIAGNOSTIC CATHETERS
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